The Evolution of the First Tetrapods

The Evolution of the First Tetrapods Its one of the notorious pictures of advancement: 400 or so million years prior, path back in the ancient fogs of geologic time, a fearless fish creeps difficultly out of the water and onto land, speaking to the primary influx of a vertebrate intrusion that prompts dinosaurs, well evolved creatures, and individuals. Sensibly, obviously, we dont owe any more gratitude to the principal tetrapod (Greek for four feet) than we do to the main bacterium or the primary wipe, yet something about this fearless critter despite everything pulls at our heartstrings. With no guarantees so regularly the case, this sentimental picture doesnt very coordinate with developmental reality. Somewhere in the range of 350 and 400 million years prior, different ancient fish slithered out of the water at different occasions, making it almost difficult to recognize the immediate predecessor of present day vertebrates. Truth be told, a large number of the most praised early tetrapods had seven or eight digits toward the finish of every appendage and, in light of the fact that cutting edge creatures hold fast carefully to the five-toed body plan, that implies these tetrapods spoke to a developmental impasse from the point of view of the ancient creatures of land and water that tailed them. Sources The most punctual tetrapods developed from projection finned angles, which contrasted in significant ways from beam finned angles. While beam finned angles are the most widely recognized kind of fish in the oceanâ today, the main flap finned fish on the planet are lungfish and coelacanths, the last of which were thought to have become wiped out a huge number of years back until a live example turned up in 1938. The base blades of flap finned angles are organized two by two and upheld by inside bones-the vital conditions for these balances to develop into crude legs. Projection finned fishes of the Devonian time frame were at that point ready to inhale air, when fundamental, by means of spiracles in their skulls. Specialists contrast about the ecological pressuresâ that incited projection finned fish to develop into strolling, breathing tetrapods, yet one hypothesis is that the shallow lakes and streams these fish lived in were dependent upon dry season, preferring species that could get by in dry conditions. Another hypothesis has it that the most punctual tetrapods were truly driven out of the water by greater fish-dry land held a plenitude of creepy crawly and plant food, and a checked nonappearance of risky predators. Any projection finned fish that goofed onto land would have wound up in a genuine heaven. In transformative terms, its difficult to recognize the most exceptional projection finned fish and the most crude tetrapods. Three significant genera closer the fish end of the range were Eusthenopteron, Panderichthys, and Osteolopis, which invested the entirety of their energy in the water yet had inert tetrapod qualities. As of not long ago, these tetrapod predecessors about totally hailed from fossil stores in the northern Atlantic, yet the revelation of Gogonasus in Australia has brought an end to the hypothesis that land-staying creatures started in the northern half of the globe. Early Tetrapods and Fishapods Researchers once concurred that the most punctual genuine tetrapods dated from around 385 to 380 million years prior. That has all changed with the ongoing disclosure of tetrapod track stamps in Poland that date to 397 million years prior, which would viably dial back the developmental schedule by 12 million years. Whenever affirmed, this disclosure will incite some amendment in the transformative accord. As should be obvious, tetrapod development is a long way from written in stone-tetrapods advanced various occasions, in better places. All things considered, there are a couple of early tetrapod species that are viewed as pretty much complete by specialists. The most significant of these is Tiktaalik, which is thought to have been roosted halfway between the tetrapod-like flap finned angles and the later, genuine tetrapods. Tiktaalik was honored with what could be compared to wrists-which may have helped it to prop itself up on its squat front balances along the edges of shallow lakes-just as a genuine neck, furnishing it with much-required adaptability and versatility during its fast side trips onto dry land. As a result of its blend of tetrapod and fish attributes, Tiktaalik is regularly alluded to as a fishapod, a name that is additionally once in a while applied to cutting edge projection finned fish like Eusthenopteron and Panderichthys. Another significant fishapod was Ichthyostega, which lived around 5,000,000 years after Tiktaalik and accomplished correspondingly good sizes-around five feet in length and 50 pounds. Genuine Tetrapods Until the ongoing disclosure of Tiktaalik, the most acclaimed of all the early tetrapods was Acanthostega, which dated to around 365 million years prior. This thin animal had moderately very much evolved appendages, just as such fishy highlights as a parallel tangible line running along the length of its body. Other, comparable tetrapods of this general time and spot included Hynerpeton, Tulerpeton, and Ventastega. Scientistss once accepted that these late Devonian tetrapods invested huge measures of their energy in dry land, yet they are presently thought to have been fundamentally or even absolutely amphibian, possibly utilizing their legs and crude breathing mechanical assemblies when completely essential. The most critical finding about these tetrapods was the quantity of digits on their front and rear appendages: somewhere in the range of 6 to 8, a solid sign that they couldnt have been the progenitors of later five-toed tetrapods and their mammalian, avian, and reptilian relatives. Romers Gap Theres a 20-million-year-significant lot of time in the early Carboniferous time frame that has yielded not many vertebrate fossils. Known as Romers Gap, this clear period in the fossil record has been utilized to help Creationist question in the hypothesis of advancement, however it is effectively logical by the way that fossils just structure in exceptional conditions. Romers Gap especially influences our insight into tetrapod development since, when we get the story 20 million years after the fact (around 340 million years back), there is an abundance of tetrapod animal groups that can be gathered into various families, some verging on being genuine creatures of land and water. Among the eminent post-hole tetrapods are the small Casineria, which had five-toed feet; the eel-like Greererpeton, which may as of now have de-advanced from its more land-arranged tetrapod progenitors; and the lizard like Eucritta melanolimnetes, also called the animal from the Black Lagoon, from Scotland. The assorted variety of later tetrapods is proof that a ton more likely than not occurred, development savvy, during Romers Gap. Luckily, we have had the option to fill in a portion of the spaces of Romers Gap lately. The skeleton of Pederpes was found in 1971 and, after three decades, further examination by tetrapod master Jennifer Clack dated it smack to the center of Romers Gap. Essentially, Pederpes had front aligned feet with five toes and a thin skull, qualities seen in later creatures of land and water, reptiles, and well evolved creatures. A comparable animal groups dynamic during Romers Gap was the huge followed Whatcheeria, which appears to have invested the greater part of its energy in the water.

Hippos essays

Hippos articles The Hippopotamuses is an extremely incredible, mindful, and unusual creature. The hippo is a creature that has numerous uquine highlights and diets. They may just live in one spot yet they make the best out of it. They love their young and secure it to. They will adjust to nearly anything. Hippos regard one another and have regions. The hippos look resembles no different creatures on the planet. The first of the major obvious things about it is its teeth. They are gigantic, sharp, and long. They are made out of ivory a hair like substance. The hippo is a colossal, land and/or water capable animal. They weigh up to 2500 to 3000 (Dolon). Their skin is a record earthy colored shading to sloppy earthy colored, with purplish spots. An odd element the hippo has is its eyes, ears, and nostrils on the highest point of the head. Truth be told its head weighs about on third of its body weight, the neck is gauges more than the head (Brust 5). The hippo is the third biggest land creature is the world (Brust 1). The hippo is 12 to 5 feet in length and 5 feet t all and can open its mouth around 3 feet, the tail matches 21 and 24 inches in length as well (Dolon). Africa is home to numerous uncommon and exceptional creatures including elephants, rhinos and hippos. Hippos like to live in Central Africa where there is heaps of streams and bounteous vegetation. Huge populaces of hippo happen in the Nile River Valley of east Africa (Sheffer). They like profound water to they can swim, rest, and predators cannot get to them. One prime thing hippos search for are neighboring riverbeds, are reed bedding. They like the warm temperature of the sub-Saharan Africa, which make it hippos heaven. In the event that a hippo going to live anyplace they as a rule need to live in streams close to prairies. Hippos live in groups of 5 to 30 (Dolon). The Hippo is a gigantic vegan, eating many diminishes in its way. They eat natural product, grass, leaves, and vegetables. Their principle diet during the day is they rest and flounder around eating water plants. Around evening time they eat their fundamental eating regimen and return ... <!

8,726,400 SOS Its Coming Home (by it, I mean me)

8,726,400 SOS It’s Coming Home (by it, I mean me) Theory: *written by Rukia H. 21 as a part of the 8,726,400 Seconds of Summer guest post series* Theory: If we were to use the World Cup as an analogy for my life right now, I just lost a group stage match, but I still managed to progress beyond the group stage and into the knockout round. Background (why the World Cup): I have been obsessed with the World Cup for the past month, which is strange considering none of the teams I support qualified for it (the US and the Dutch). But anyone who knows me well enough knows that if you sit me in front of a TV and give me a game to watch, I’ll end up passionately supporting someone within ten minutes. I get heavily invested during soccer matches; it’s a fact. I can barely stay still in my seat as I urge players to run faster, jump higher, and save the impossible. I give them nicknames and scream loudly at the television screen as if they can hear me. I yell when they fail to do the incredible (ironic considering my athletic ability is that of a peanut). And I cry with them when it’s over. Observations (of the World Cup): One of the best parts for me when it comes to watching a game is listening to the pundits comment on the players and the game because you can learn a lot in the process (side note: this one time, I thought one of the Belgium players was so slow and a terrible player overall, but the commentators then were like “look at that amazing play by *player x*” and I was like rip, so much for my soccer knowledge) One comment I’ve been hearing a lot about is how players grow into the World Cup and what they mean by that is that as teams progress, they start playing better. They may be a bit shaky at first (this applies to all players, no matter how great you are!) but then you learn as you go and become better. A great example of this would be France. I remember waking up at 3 AM to watch them churn out an unconvincing win in the group stage and how disappointing it was to see that, but now look at them! They’re world champions and rightfully so! They regrouped and managed to defeat impressive teams from the difficult end of the bracket to reach the final and then won it all. Evidence (from real life): Early on, during second semester, I booked my plane ticket home. Being from California, I didn’t get many chances to go back home and see my family during the year; in fact, I only went home once and that was during winter break. So I booked the ticket and that was the end of it. Or at least it would have been, had I been at any other school. As spring semester began to dwindle down, everyone seemed to have summer plans like exciting internships, going abroad, or new/continuing UROPs. I was starting to feel the pressure as the inevitable question arose repeatedly about my own plans for the summer. And so I frantically applied to anything within fifty miles of my house… and got rejected from all of them. When I got on that plane, I’ll admit it sucked. I felt like I was falling behind again, producing some lackluster performance that was definitely not worth an admittance to MIT. Because clearly someone who goes to MIT would get the internship (Elle Woods: like it’s hard?) and excel and change the world all in three months. Because that’s what they do. Because that’s what I want them to do. But I’m home and after a month and a half, I know it will be fine. The first few days were tough because I missed the fast-paced MIT lifestyle. I spent those days agonizing over the fact that I had nothing to do and how it was such a waste of time. Now one day seems to blend into the next and it doesn’t worry me anymore. I like waking up late and staying up, doing whatever I want everyday. I like having this relaxed, lazy, maybe even boring summer because in the back of my mind, it’s feeding my ambition to do more. Doing nothing makes it painfully obvious what exactly you want to do and I know precisely what I want to do for this upcoming year and the summer following it. So maybe on paper, this summer was a bust for me, but in the long run, I think it will be a major stepping stone to something incredible. Conclusion: Group Stages (Results) Surviving freshman year at MIT = +3 Going home = +3 Getting rejected by internships/not really having summer plans = +0 Notes: I still made it through despite not getting the result I wanted! Knockout Rounds (TBD) Sophomore Year Junior Year Senior Year Notes: I still have all these matches to play! Using what I know now, I can make the appropriate changes to produce the results I want. I’m definitely still growing as a MIT student and that’s okay! And who knows, maybe with time, I’ll be up on that podium, drenched in rain, but holding the greatest prize of them all. ¹ Also, what’s pretty cool about life is that unlike the World Cup, you can’t really get knocked out. You may not always get what you want at a certain time, but you always get the chance to try again and bring the trophy (aka your happiness) home :) ¹ diploma? pirate’s license? the key to the city? the world may never know Post Tagged #8726400 Seconds of Summer #Home #World Cup

Summary Of Night By Elie Wiesel - 1670 Words

When I was reading through our class syllabus I was very excited when I saw this was a required book to read. My sister in law, whom is a History major, had the privilege of meeting Elie Wiesel’s in High School and was lucky enough to receive and autographed version of his book. She told me how emotional is was hearing him talk about his experiences in person, being physically next to someone and hearing them relive their terrible experiences. Night is an autobiography written by Elie Wiesel’s about his horrific experience as a prisoner in World War II living in a concentration camp. Right from the beginning this book is a very intense and powerful read, everything Wiesel discusses and the characters he brings up are all very real. Nothing that he wrote about or lived through is make believe or pretend. The truth is powerful and that’s what makes this book as emotional as it is. He writes his story in a manner that you can truly feel what it s like to truly feel alone and afraid just like he felt. At one point in his autobiography, he is describing how he feels at that moment as, â€Å"Through the blue-tinged skylights I could see the darkness gradually fading. I had ceased to feel fear. And then I was overcome by an inhuman weariness.† (New York: Bantam, 1982), p. 33 While I was reading this book this statement really made me stop and think, about how he must have felt especially with how vivid he explained his feelings at that moment in life, â€Å"ceased to feel fear.† In life,Show MoreRelatedSummary Of Night By Elie Wiesel1773 Words   |  8 PagesNight by Elie Wiesel Chapter Summary and Analysis Chapter 1 Sighet, Hungary Main Character - Elie Wiesel Son Romanian His father is a shopkeeper Has 3 sisters One of them is younger Two of them are older Jewish Scholar of sorts (loves to learn) Hasidic Judaism (super jewish) (with all the tassels and strict rules about eating) Studies the jewish mysticisms What they call the talmud the body of Jewish civil and ceremonial law and legend comprising the Mishnah and the Gemara. There are twoRead MoreSummary Of Night By Elie Wiesel1289 Words   |  6 PagesA Loss in Faith, Ever Found? Night, written by Elie Wiesel, tells the terrifying experience in the concentration camps that many Jews were imprisoned in during World War II. Throughout most of the novel, Elie Wiesel tells about how many prisoners, including himself, lost faith in God. During the Holocaust many groups of people, especially Jews, were taken to concentrations camps and treated in the most inhumane way. Many were taken away from their homes, and lost everything that was once their ownRead MoreSummary Of Night By Elie Wiesel757 Words   |  4 PagesAndrew Giacona Dr. Berg EUH 1001-01Z 1 May. 2016 Essay on Night Have you ever had to make an instant decision that would significantly impact your life? I certainly had to make some quick decisions and I’m sure you as well had to make some impactful choices. This is exactly what Elie Wiesel was forced to do when it came down to a life or death situation. There are 3 decisions that I had come across that I thought would be important if I was in Elie’s position to make a sacrificial or crucial decisionsRead MoreSummary Of Night By Elie Wiesel1542 Words   |  7 PagesKeandre Santiago Mr. Roe English 4 CP Book Report Part 1 Title: Night Author: Elie Wiesel Number of pages:120 Where published: Buenos Aires Copyright date:1972 Setting (time and place): Early 1940s, during World War Two, Holocaust era. starting in Sighet, Transylvania, and moving throughout concentration camps in Europe. Type of book: Holocaust autobiography I would describe the main character Eliezer as polluted. His innocence as a child was stolen. his beliefs that were fueled by his curiosityRead MoreSummary Of Night By Elie Wiesel2168 Words   |  9 Pageshave tried. That I have tried to keep memory alive, that I have tried to fight those who would forget. Because if we forget, we are guilty, we are accomplices,† Elie Wiesel tells his former self (118). Wiesel has dedicated a majority of his future to fighting against the world’s silence with lessons such as these found in his memoir, Night. Even after undergoing the mass genocide called the Holocaust and hearing of the experiences from one of the victims himself, the world has fallen into a time ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Night By Elie Wiesel1045 Words   |  5 PagesIn the memoir Night by Elie Wiesel, Elie Wiesel is a young boy who struggles to survive after being forced to live in the brutal concentration camp of Auschwitz. In Auschwitz, death and suffering is rampant, but due to compassionate words and actions from others, Elie is able to withstand these severe living conditions and overcome the risk of death in the unforgiving Auschwitz. As shown through the actions and words of characters in Night, compassion, the sympathetic pity for the suffering or misfortuneRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel1087 Words   |  5 PagesNight by Elie Wiesel The aim of this book review is to analyze Night, the autobiographical account of Elie Wiesel’s horrifying experiences in the German concentration camps. Wiesel recounted a traumatic time in his life with the goal of never allowing people to forget the tragedy others had to suffer through. A key theme introduced in Night is that these devastating experiences shifted the victim s view of life. By providing a summary, critique, and the credentials of the author Elie Wiesel, thisRead MoreElie Wiesel And Oskar Schindler And Schindlers List768 Words   |  4 PagesMillions of Jews died in world war 2 millions of innocent lives perished one of the darkest chapters in human history. At Auschwitz alone, more than 2 million Jews were murdered (history.com). To begin, Night published by Elie Wiesel, the summary of night, Jews were being sent to concentration camps to work and be safe during the war. the Jews were tortured and killed by the s.s soldiers. The Jews were liberated by the red army at the end of the war. Secondly, Schindler’s List Directed by StevenRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel842 Words   |  4 Pagesthemes of Night and the imagery that the author, Elie Wiesel, uses to create them. The themes we will discuss are identity, silence, and night. !!!About the Book If you were an observant Jew who believed in a loving God, then you and your family were captured by a group of ill-intentioned people, causing the death of your family, what would you think about whether God and humans are good or not? That is the main concern of Eliezer, the main character in Night. Night was writtenRead MoreNight, Schindlers List, and The Diary of Anne Frank Essay1250 Words   |  5 PagesNight, Schindlers List, and The Diary of Anne Frank The Holocaust was the most horrific time that man has known. To survive this atrocity, the Holocaust victims man upon man atrocity, one had to summon bravery, strength, courage, and wisdom that many did not know they possessed. One survivor is Elie Wiesel, whose exquisite writings have revealed the world of horror suffered by the Jewish people. Elie Wiesels statement, ...to remain silent and indifferent is the greatest sin of all...

Lucy By Jamaica Lucy Analysis - 1282 Words

In the novel Lucy by Jamaica Kincaid, many postcolonial concerns are present within its context. A prominent concern is foreignness and Lucy’s inability to create an identity through her alienated presence. Through the use of stereotyping, Lucy is immediately disappointed in her new home. Lucy theorizes that the world of the colonized and the colonizer are conflicting. The protagonist is â€Å"unhappy,† with her displacement in the colonial stronghold of North America (7). In Lucy, a migrant teenage girl, leaves her home in the West Indies and goes to America. Lucy does this in to discover her own identity and uniqueness. Her struggles for individual liberty and independence mean she must leave her whole family behind, especially her mother,†¦show more content†¦Lucy expresses the turmoil inside of her, describing the drastic differences between them stating â€Å"But nothing could change the fact where she saw beautiful flowers I saw sorrow and bitternessâ₠¬  (28). When upon the train with Mariah and the children, the narrator says â€Å"The other people sitting down to eat dinner all looked like Mariah’s relatives; the people waiting on them all looked like mine† (30). In describing this scene, the narrator shows the line drawn between her and her employer that she constantly is seen as an outsider, simply a â€Å"visitor† in their eyes, and although they may be welcoming, she will always have a different place them then in this world. The author is using setting to help bring these notions and themes to life, the usage of the flowers, snow and train ride also help set the scene of segregation. In â€Å"The Tongue† Lucy’s social class becomes prominent and her treatment as an â€Å"outsider† is showcased. When talking to Dinah, Lucy expresses how she never liked her because she always treated her as lesser than. In their first encounter Dinah asks Lucy if she was from the islands and Lucy always wants to tell her off but instead just thinks, â€Å"And I was going to say it in a voice that I hoped would make her feel like a piece of nothing, which was the way she made me feel inShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Jamaica Kincaids Lucy and Edwidge Danticats The Farming of Bones1744 Words   |  7 Pagesthat those with darker skins become the slaves of those with light skin, a period which still affects the populations of the Caribbean to this day. Two important books which deal with immigration and integration of the othered minority are Jamaica Kincaids novel Lucy and Edwidge Dandicats book The Farming of Bones. The two stories explore similar themes: love, pa rental relationships, race identification and prejudice, as well as the conflict between those who survive and how they are haunted by theirRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Praisesong For The Widow By Paule Marshall1475 Words   |  6 Pagesconstantly told how women suffered from sexual assaults and how she must feel about it. Bound to these stories, Ursa was unable to doubt any word of it, as great gram encouraged her in the beginning of the novel. The novel Corregidora provides ample analysis of the descendants of cruelties that black women faced in patriarchal white and racist communities. Ursa being taught that no doubt that her family history was instrumental and purposeful. In light of this, the author tries to cement theRead More4ps-Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program3477 Words   |  14 PagesPantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4P’S) that has now become its flagship social assistance program to help the poor. Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program is a Modified Conditional Cash Transfer for the poor families in the Philippines. According to Lucy Basset in her discussion paper entitled â€Å"Can Conditional Cash Transfer Programs Play a Greater Role in Reducing Child Undernutrition?, October 2008, Conditional Cash Transfer Conditional Cash Transfer programs (CCTs) provide cash payments to poor householdsRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 PagesChbosky. Word Riot. Word Riot. Retrieved 27 May 2012. 41.Jump up ^ Tara Ann Carter (October 6, 2013). Reading Persepolis: Defining and Redefining Culture, Gender and Genre (PDF). John Bartram High School. 42.Jump up ^ Secret Life of Bees-Character Analysis. Archived from the original on 3 May 2011. Retrieved 2011-04-21. 43.Jump up ^ Khaled Hosseini (March 4, 1965). Katherine C. (Berwyn, PA) s review of The Kite Runner. Goodreads.com. Retrieved 2011-04-21. 44.Jump up ^ http://www.salon.com/2003/09/12/lethem_8//Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesBasil Adams, Notre Dame de Namur University Janet Adams, Kennesaw State University Cheryl Adkins, Longwood College Vicky Aitken, St. Louis Community College David Albritton, Northern Arizona University Bradley Alge, Purdue University Lois Antonen, CSUS Lucy Arendt, University of Wisconsin, Green Bay Anke Arnaud, University of Central Florida Mihran Aroian, University of Texas, Austin Gary Ballinger, Purdue University Deborah Balser, University of Missouri at St. Louis Christopher Barlow, DePaul UniversityRead Morepreschool Essay46149 Words   |  185 Pagesindividuals for contributing their expertise to this project and for collaborating with the preschool learning foundations research consortium. Visual and Performing Arts Liane Brouillette, University of California, Irvine Victoria Brown, Lucy School Lisa Catterall, Imagination Group Joyce Jordan, University of Miami Gwen Morgan-Beazell, Santa Ana College Linda Neelly, University of Connecticut Nancy Ng, Luna Kids Dance Physical Development David Gallahue, Indiana University Clersida

Succubus Shadows Chapter 13 Free Essays

I woke up next to Seth, and for the space of heartbeat, I thought I truly was waking – waking up from an awful, awful dream about the Oneroi and everything else that had happened since Seth and I had broken up. He lay asleep in bed with the sheets tangled around him, his light brown hair glinting reddish in the morning sun. He slept only in boxers, and his chest looked warm and smooth and perfect for cuddling against. We will write a custom essay sample on Succubus Shadows Chapter 13 or any similar topic only for you Order Now His breathing was even, his posture still and relaxed. I drank it all in, all the little Seth details I’d been missing for months. I swore that I could even smell him. Did dreams have smells? This one did, I was certain. That soft woodsy-apple scent wrapped around me like an embrace. After a few moments, he began to stir and sleepily open his eyes. He squinted at the light and rolled onto his back, stifling a yawn. I wanted to roll right over to him and snuggle against his warmth, telling him all about the nightmares I’d been having. Then, I realized there was no way I could go to him. I couldn’t move. Well, that wasn’t exactly true. There was more to it than that. I just didn’t have a body. I was an observer only, like the invisible camera I’d been with Roman and Jerome. This apparently was not a dream I was active in, and the realization of that drove home the terrible truth: this was still an Oneroi dream. I hadn’t imagined them. I hadn’t imagined Seth and me breaking up. He sat up in bed and rubbed his eyes. It was such a familiar, nostalgic sight. Getting up was always hard for him, largely because of the bizarre writing hours he kept. He glanced over at the clock, which was near the direction from which I was â€Å"watching.† His eyes passed right over where I would have been. Yes. I was just a ghost in this. But what was â€Å"this† exactly? Truth or lie? The time on the clock – nine in the morning – must have been motivation enough for him to drag himself out of bed. Still in boxers, he stumbled into the bathroom, miraculously not walking into anything in his sleepy state. While brushing his teeth, he noticed a note on the counter. I immediately recognized the writing because I saw it all the time at the bookstore. Went in early today to get a few things done and should be done by six. Bring Brandy by, if you can, to try on those shoes. Love, Maddie Seeing Maddie’s name jolted me out of the Seth Fantasyland I’d been living in as he went through his morning routine. Expanding my vision now, I saw changes to his bathroom – things that hadn’t been there when we’d dated. Another toothbrush, for one thing. Makeup in the corner. A pink robe on the bathroom hook. On the books, Maddie was still sharing a place with Doug, but we all knew what the reality was. That pain that hadn’t really left since my last dream grew tighter within my chest. She was all over this place. She had left her mark everywhere, everywhere in this space he and I had once shared together. I had been replaced. Seth went through the rest of his routine, including a remarkably fast shower. He was notorious for staying in there forever while plotting some story line. I tried hard not to focus on the sight of him naked and wet and instead pondered where he might be going today. If it was just to write at the bookstore, he wouldn’t have been moving so briskly. He easily found clean boxers and jeans, but the hardest part of his day came next: what T-shirt to wear? When we’d been together, I’d loved watching this. I’d lie in bed – after all, I had no urgency to ever get ready – laughing while he deliberated and deliberated over his massive T-shirt collection. Each had its own hanger, displaying some bit of retro or pop culture novelty. Vanilla Ice. ALF. Mr. T cereal. He flipped through them all, studying each one carefully as his hand touched each sleeve. Then, his fingers suddenly brushed against a sleeve longer than the others. His closet wasn’t all T-shirts. There were a few sweaters and pullovers crammed into the sides. There was also a flannel shirt; it was what he’d stopped and noticed. Pushing the other shirts aside, he took the flannel off of its hanger and held it up, his motions almost reverent. Even without physical form, I had the sensation of my heart going still. I knew this shirt. It was one he’d given me to wear a long time ago, the night I’d passed out at his place from too much alcohol. I’d met his family the next day, looking ridiculous with the flannel over my strappy party dress. Even while dating, I’d totally forgotten all about that shirt. He held it there between his hands, and the look on his face†¦there was so much there, I didn’t even know where to start. Seth was so good at keeping his expression neutral and could be extremely short-spoken when he chose. But here, alone, he was unguarded. There was sorrow on his face. Sorrow and regret. And when he held the shirt up and rested his head on it, I saw longing as well. The whole mood was rounded out with a sort of helpless resignation. He inhaled deeply and then hung the shirt back up. As he did, I caught the faintest whiff of tuberose blossoms – the leftover scent of my Michael Kors perfume. Seth had never worn or washed it again, I realized with a start. He’d just kept it like some sort of treasured artifact. After that, he simply grabbed the first T-shirt his hand came across, without even looking. It was an old favorite of his, showing the Tasmanian Devil from Looney Tunes. Seth’s mood had shifted considerably, down to something a little more solemn and thoughtful than when he’d gotten out of the shower. My observations didn’t go into his head, though. I could only judge by outside signs. His reason for getting up turned out to be a trip to his brother’s house. Like always, the elder Mortensen’s home was chaotic, with small adorable blond girls running around, many of them shrieking when they saw their favorite uncle. He’d barely stepped inside when Andrea, his sister-in-law, came out to greet him. She wore a corduroy jacket with her jeans and T-shirt, her blond hair slicked back into a neat ponytail. She gave Seth a startled look. â€Å"You didn’t bring your laptop?† Andrea was as cheerful as always but appeared tired. He gestured over to where his twin nieces, McKenna and Morgan, were playing tug of war with a string of Christmas lights. It was odd because Christmas was over a month away and also because the lights were plugged in, which seemed like some sort of electrical risk to me. Apparently Seth felt the same way because he hastily intercepted them and removed the string of lights altogether, amid much protest. â€Å"I don’t think I’ll get much work done with these guys,† he said dryly. â€Å"Yeah,† she admitted. â€Å"I can see that.† She glanced at her watch. â€Å"Okay, gotta go. I don’t know how long this’ll take.† â€Å"No problem,† he said. â€Å"Do what you need to.† She scurried out the door. I wanted to ask where she was off to but had no means. Again, I was reminded how out of the loop I was from the Mortensen world now. Once I would have known every detail. Kendall, a precocious nine-year-old, solemnly walked up to Seth. â€Å"Uncle Seth,† she said, â€Å"will you play Loan with me?† Seth arched an eyebrow. â€Å"Loan? What’s that?† â€Å"It’s where I’m the mortgage broker, and you come to get a loan for a house but don’t have the money for a down payment.† She paused. â€Å"We’ll have to make a pretend income fax for you.† â€Å"Tax,† he corrected. â€Å"And how about we go to the bookstore instead?† She frowned. â€Å"I want to play Loan.† â€Å"They have real estate books there,† he said. â€Å"I don’t think we can play Loan without sufficient background.† â€Å"Okay,† she conceded. â€Å"We can go.† Brandy strolled into the living room just then with her four-year-old sister in her arms. Kayla looked like she’d woken up from a nap and sleepily had her head against Brandy’s shoulder. I loved all the girls, but something about Kayla always affected me more strongly. â€Å"Go where?† asked Brandy, shifting Kayla’s weight. Although she held her sister tenderly, Brandy had a dark cloud around her. â€Å"To Emerald City.† Brandy sighed. â€Å"Don’t you spend enough time there?† â€Å"Maddie got a few pairs of shoes for the dress and needs you to try them on.† Brandy gave him a look that exquisitely expressed all of her feelings on that topic. â€Å"Don’t start,† he warned, in as chastising a tone as I’d ever heard him use. Welcome to adolescence, Seth. â€Å"Is Georgina working?† she asked. Kendall looked up from where she’d been starting to color. In orange crayon, a blank piece of paper read â€Å"IRS.† â€Å"Yeah, can we see Georgina?† Kendall piped in. Seth looked pained. â€Å"I don’t know if she’s there or not.† I didn’t know either. I didn’t know if this was a true or false dream. It felt true so far, but I didn’t trust the Oneroi. Being an observer, I had to think I wouldn’t be there. Certainly I wouldn’t if this were true. I wondered what would happen at the store when I suddenly stopped showing up. â€Å"I can just stay here while you’re gone,† Brandy said. â€Å"Mom doesn’t mind if I’m alone.† â€Å"Then you can’t try on the shoes. Which defeats the whole purpose.† After a carefully worded â€Å"discussion,† in which Brandy suggested he just bring the shoes to her, she finally conceded. With the whole gang along, they had to take the Mortensen van, which Seth didn’t seem overly thrilled about. But there was no other way to transport five girls, one of whom needed a car seat. The troop arrived at Emerald City. Seth left the four younger ones in the kids’ section, which was a wonderland of picture books, puzzles, and stuffed animals. Janice was working that area today and told him she’d keep an eye on the girls. Seth also put Kendall in charge of her sisters, with the bribe that he’d buy her some finance books. That left him and Brandy to find Maddie, who was holed up in an office. Her face lit up when she saw them, and she practically flew from her seat to give him a quick kiss. Brandy scowled, and a troubled feeling burned within me. The love on Maddie’s face was so obvious, so strong†¦anyone could see it. She made no attempts to hide it, even at work. I hated their relationship, but how could I resent her feelings? How could I resent her loving the man who meant the world to me? â€Å"How’s work?† he asked her, smiling fondly. Was that his way of showing love too? How had he looked around me? For some reason, I was certain he’d been different†¦hadn’t he? I couldn’t remember. Maddie gestured to the desk she shared with Doug. â€Å"A little crazy. Yet strangely boring. I’m stuck on paperwork all day. Performance reviews.† â€Å"Hey, I’m stuck on paperwork every day.† She rolled her eyes. â€Å"Bad joke. And not the same at all.† â€Å"Try putting some sex and violence into the reviews, and they might go faster.† I was too disturbed by their banter to pay much attention to the fact that Maddie was doing my job. Brandy looked equally pained by the conversation. As Maddie and Seth spoke, I studied him further, trying to read his feelings. Yes, there was affection†¦yet, it reminded me a little of the warm indulgence he showed his nieces. At last, Maddie produced a shopping bag full of shoes. Brandy’s dress was hanging in the office, and Maddie ordered Seth to leave while his niece changed. Just before he was shooed out, Maddie remarked to Brandy, â€Å"I’m glad this color looks good on you. I decided to do everything purple because of how great it looked on Georgina. I found some awesome flowers that go with it all too.† Oh, fucking fantastic. I had influenced the color scheme for their wedding. Seth left, and I went with him. He wandered through the store, browsing through books – an activity he never tired of. Several employees said hello to him as they passed by. Including me. Seeing as the Oneroi had put me in dreams a couple times now, I shouldn’t have been surprised. Except, whenever I was a character in the theatre of these dreams, I’d always had awareness of it. I’d watched me and felt me. Now, I saw myself approach Seth exactly the same way I’d seen Maddie and Brandy approach him. I was still objective. No inner connection. Again, just like watching a movie. I didn’t entirely understand it, but nothing the Oneroi did should really shock me anymore. â€Å"Hey,† I (she?) said, shelving a couple books. They were copies of The Scarlet Letter, and I’d set them in new releases. â€Å"Hey,† said Seth, a weird mix of shyness and familiarity in his manner. â€Å"How’s it going?† â€Å"Not bad,† I said. â€Å"Quiet day. Mostly just putting away books.† â€Å"You’ve got Maddie doing reviews.† â€Å"Yeah, well, I thought she could handle it. Besides, this dress is new. It’d be a shame to keep it hidden.† My watching self had already noticed the dress because that was second nature to me. It was a great dress but not necessarily one to wear to work. It was a silk sheath that stopped high on the thigh, with straps tying around the neck and a scoop neckline that showed a considerable amount of cleavage. There was no bra anywhere. I looked like I should have been clubbing, not shelving. Seeing as this whole vision was no memory of mine, the dress only furthered the fact that this was one of the lies. I wasn’t afraid to tart it up, but even I had boundaries at work. Seth seemed surprised at the dress but not unappreciative. â€Å"You should be hand-selling,† he said. â€Å"Go outside with a book, and I bet you could push it on anyone.† â€Å"This dress might not work on everyone,† I pointed out. He gave me one of those little smiles of his, and I wondered if the other Georgina melted like I did. â€Å"The dress is only half of it. You’re charming enough to talk anyone into anything.† I gave him a smile in return, one that was both cheery and sly. â€Å"Anything?† The innuendo didn’t progress because Kayla suddenly pranced over and wrapped her arms around Seth’s legs. He scooped her up and glanced around. â€Å"What happened to Kendall? No finance books for bad babysitters.† My alter ego peered over toward the magazines. â€Å"Is that her?† I sounded uncertain, which was odd because when Seth turned to see, it was perfectly obvious it was Kendall. She was reading Forbes. Seth sighed and called her over. She brightened when she saw me. â€Å"Hi, Georgina! You’re so pretty today.† â€Å"Thanks,† I said, beaming. â€Å"You were supposed to be in charge,† said Seth. â€Å"Go get the twins. Hopefully they haven’t wandered out into traffic.† Kendall shook her head. â€Å"They’re playing with puzzles.† But she raced off nonetheless. Kayla was staring around the store in that distracted way children her age had, watching the people and sights. Seth gave her a slight nudge. â€Å"What about you? Aren’t you going to say hi to Georgina?† Kayla glanced in the direction he indicated, looked me over, and then continued her survey of the store. It wasn’t so much she shunned me or was repulsed by me; it was more like she was disinterested. I didn’t stand out to her more than any other patron or even one of the shelves. â€Å"One of her moods,† said Seth apologetically. Brandy surfaced, still annoyed by the shoes, but immensely happy to see me. The rest of the girls were rustled up, and after a bit more chatting, Seth and the nieces left me to my bad shelving. He’d continued holding Kayla in his arms, and she suddenly turned to him in all seriousness. â€Å"When are you going to find Georgina?† she asked. Her voice was small and sweet. She rarely spoke, so I always loved the sound of it when she did. He frowned, trying to open the van door with one hand. Brandy helped him. â€Å"We just saw Georgina,† he said. â€Å"Inside.† â€Å"No, we didn’t,† said Kayla. â€Å"We did. You snubbed her,† he teased. â€Å"I told you to say hello.† â€Å"That wasn’t Georgina. You have to find her.† â€Å"What have you been smoking?† Brandy asked, taking over to buckle Kayla into her booster. â€Å"That was Georgina.† Seth sighed. â€Å"Be careful with your choice of expressions.† The topic dropped after that, but as they drove back to Terry and Andrea’s, a chill ran through me. Kayla knew. Kayla knew I was gone. This must be a true dream after all. We’d learned recently that she had the faintest stirring of psychic powers and the ability to perceive some things on the supernatural plane. She had a vague sense of my aura, and she’d realized that it wasn’t me in the store. That’s why she’d been so disinterested. It was also why I hadn’t been inside that Georgina. It wasn’t Georgina. Then who was it? With a sinking feeling, I immediately answered my own question. Who else would have an interest in looking like me and flirting with Seth? Simone. Simone was impersonating me in my absence, I was certain of it. Son of a bitch. I couldn’t feel her aura in this dream form, and no mortal could, period. Except for Kayla. Fuck. This was not what I needed. The rest of Seth’s day was uneventful, though he thankfully never ran into â€Å"me† again. Andrea returned, and it was then I learned she’d been at a doctor’s appointment. She thanked Seth for his help, though it took a long time for him to leave, due to all the younger girls’ good-byes. Seth finally returned to his condo and spent the day writing, which was boring for me to watch. I didn’t get why the Oneroi hadn’t pulled me out yet. Sure, it had been disheartening to see that no mortal knew I was gone, but this dream hadn’t had the devastating effects of the others. Evening fell, and Maddie returned home. Seth, engrossed in his work, stayed at his desk until she found him and spun his chair around. She climbed onto his lap, wrapping her legs around him in a way very similar to what I used to do. He smiled at her, wrapping his arms around her as well and returning her hello kiss. â€Å"How was your paperwork?† he asked. Maddie ran her fingers along the side of his face, that love radiating off of her. â€Å"Nonstop. Georgina left it all on me today. I don’t know what was up with that.† â€Å"She said she thought you could handle it.† Maddie pulled a face. â€Å"More like she wanted to take the day off and prance around. Did you see that dress she was wearing? I mean, yeah, she can pull off anything she wants to wear, but that wasn’t really work appropriate.† He laughed and pulled her closer. â€Å"I think Georgina thinks her wit and charm can let her get away with anything she wants.† â€Å"Yeah, well, she’s not as funny as she always thinks she is,† grumbled Maddie. â€Å"And all she got away with today was looking like she was trying to pick up some guy at the store.† â€Å"Wouldn’t be the first time,† said Seth with a shrug. â€Å"What?† â€Å"You didn’t know? She sleeps with Warren all the time. Usually in his office.† I couldn’t believe what I was hearing. Not only were the two of them mocking me, Seth had also told Maddie about my on-again off-again affair with the store’s owner Warren. Doug had always had his suspicions, but other than Seth, no one else knew. I had never expected Seth to betray that secret. â€Å"I had no idea,† said Maddie. â€Å"And yet†¦I don’t know. Maybe I did. I mean, everything she wears is kind of slutty.† â€Å"She sleeps around a lot. She’ll pretty much go home with anyone.† He paused. â€Å"She even tried it with me once.† â€Å"Really?† Maddie’s eyes went wide. â€Å"What’d you do?† â€Å"Nothing. I have no interest in that. I couldn’t handle being with someone so easy. She’d probably sleep with all my friends while we were dating.† He cupped Maddie’s face in his hands. â€Å"Not that it matters. I have no reason to even go looking, not when I have the best thing right here.† He drew her to him, and they kissed again. It wasn’t the earlier hello kiss either. It was deep and ardent, both of them eagerly trying to get as much of the other as they could. His hands gripped hold of the bottom of her tank top and jerked it over her head, revealing a black satin bra I was pretty sure I’d helped her pick out. Never breaking the kiss, his hands then went around her waist as he half-carried, half-stumbled out of the office and into the bedroom. They fell onto the covers, hands moving all over each other’s bodies and kisses starting to spread beyond lips. No, I thought, unsure if the Oneroi could hear me or not. No. I don’t want to see this. Take me back. Take me back to the box. Send me to another dream. But if they were there, they weren’t listening. I had no eyes to close. I couldn’t look away. There was no way to unsee what I was seeing. I’d experienced a lot of heart-wrenching things in my relationship with Seth, things that had hurt me so badly that I swore I wanted to die. But nothing, nothing could have prepared me for seeing him have sex with another woman. And it wasn’t just watching the act itself, the way their naked bodies intertwined with one another and the cries of pleasure elicited in the height of orgasm. It was the look on his face as he did it. There it was. The love I’d been searching for earlier. I’d thought before he only regarded her with a strong affection, similar to the fond love he had for his nieces. No. This was passion I saw on his face, the kind of love that burned so deeply, it connected two people’s souls. He was looking at her the way he’d once looked at me. I had never thought it was possible. Somewhere, somehow, I’d been convinced that he loved her in a different way from me. Maybe their love was strong, but I’d felt certain it could never match what he felt for me. Ours was different. Yet, seeing them now, I saw that wasn’t true. And when, at the end, he told her she was his world – just as he’d once told me – I knew that I really was nothing special. The love he had for me was gone. And in the terrible, excruciating pain of that moment, I no longer wanted to die. There was no point because I was certain just then that I had died – because surely, surely, Hell couldn’t be worse than this. How to cite Succubus Shadows Chapter 13, Essay examples

Ethical Alternatives to Seclusion and Restraint †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Alternatives to Seclusion and Restraint. Answer: Introduction: The following essay is based on the case study of Sam, a 21 year old boy who has been admitted to inner city hospital with acute abdominal pain and has previous reported cases of drug related psychosis. This essay will shed light on the ethical dilemma experienced over the act of restrain in nursing care. According to the nursing professional code of ethics, nurse must value quality nursing care for all the patients. This code of ethics is at stake in this case because Julia, the nurse in the charge shift is advising Camilla to focus caring on other patients, neglecting Sam. Here, Julia as a nurse is not valuing quality care for all the patients while refusing to accept the accountability for the standard nursing care. Camilla when raised her concern regarding the negative effects of restraining on patients like Sam, Julia overlooked it completely. She is only focusing over other patients and advising her fellow colleagues to do the same. The concept of restraining also conflicts value statement 2 of Australian nursing code of ethics (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, 2017). According to this code, nurses must have respect for their patient while recognizing their capacity for active and informed participation. This act of participation can only be acknowledged via preserving the dignity of the people through practised kindness while skilfully indentifying the vulnerability and powerlessness of the patients who are under their care. In this case, Sam is refusing to participate in the process of diagnosis but in order to keep his violently activity under control; he has been put under restrain. Now the act of restraining is hampering his dignity and thereby posing a negative impact on his physical and mental health condition. Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia also states that nurses must value proper management of the ethical information. Here the statement of Julia is sounding judgemental as she stated that, patients like Sam are a waste of our time... Sam has previous reported cases of drug related psychosis and the disease condition is still prevailing and this can be gauzed from his violent and non-corporative activity. He thus he needs special care and proper counselling and not restraining as it will again increase the chance of self harm as quoted by Camilla (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, 2017). According to the Nursing Professional Code of Conduct, nurses must practise in a safe and competent manner. Here Sam, is endangering the lives of other fellow patients along with healthcare professionals. He is also getting victim of self-harm, when the medical team has arrived Sam has been found pulling out his IV cannula while verbally abusing Camilla. So in order to maintain the safety of the other patients, Sam was put under the order of restrain. Moreover, professional code of conduct also states that nurses must practise in accordance with the nursing standards while maintaining broader health system. Here Sam was planned to put under restrain for broader health benefits. But while doing this, nursing care is not supporting the health and the well-being of Sam which has been stated in the conduct statement 7 and hence giving rise to conflicts under nursing codes of professional conduct (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, 2017). Since Sam is suffering from drug related ps ychosis, he must be treated with trust and confidence and this will help Sam to share his physical condition with Camilla while gradually decreasing his violent and self-harming activity. Moreover, the code of professional conduct also states that in situations where a patient is unwilling or unable to speak or decide independently, it is the endeavour of the nurse to ensure that their perspective is clearly represented by an appropriate advocate. Here Sam is refusing to communicate with Camilla. He is calling out and is unable to answer question asked by Camilla in a rational manner. So it is the duty of the attending nurse to represent her perspective via an allocating an advocate and not via putting the patient under restrain (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, 2017). Ethical Theories and Principles of Nursing The ethics deals with the moral dilemmas, which are generating out of the conflicts in the duties or obligation and the other faced consequences. In case of Camilla, the principal moral dilemmas faced by her are utilitarian approach and deontology. The statement of Julia is supporting the concept of utilitarian approach. According to utilitarian approach, the consequence of an action should promote well being and happiness to the majority of the people (Johnstone, 2016). How much the action is beneficial for the mass is of greatest importance, regardless of the harm or the needs of the minority. Restraining order of Sam is beneficial for the mass as it is decreasing harm to the other fellow patients and the health care professionals moreover; it is also decreasing self-harm of Sam. However, deontology contradicts utilitarian approach. Deontological theory of ethics consider the rights and the interest of individuals and consider it be of primary importance (Freegard, 2012). In case o f Sam, argument can come from the underlying principal of deontology as restraining is going against the concept of deontology and hence, breaching of the ethical theories. Camillas is inclined towards the concept of deontology and hence is concerned about the patient. The ethical principal of liberty also directs Camilla mindset. Liberty is the basic right of every individual. Restraining physical activities of Sam will go against his right of liberty and will lead a negative impact on his mental status, making the scenario further complex (Kontio et al., 2010). The act of non-maleficence both justifies and opposes the physical restrain on Sam. The act of non-maleficence means not to harm the patient so physical restrain can be treated to be unethical however, non-maleficence also means prevention of harm so following restrain over a drug addicted boy is ethical (Beauchamp Childress, 2012). However, the act of beneficence goes against the order of restraining. It confers moral obligation upon the caregivers to act for the benefit of the concerned patient. Sam is agitated since from the time of admission in the hospital and was refusing to cooperate with the Camilla. He was again found pushing and verbally abusing Camilla, hampering her human dignity. Her principle of beneficence promise maximum benefits to Sam in regards physical injury or self-harm (Kerridge, Lowe Stewart, 2013). According to the nursing professional code of conduct, nurses must not contravene the law or breach the human rights of any patients assigned under their care. It is the moral duty of the nursing professionals to skillfully recognize the universal human rights of their patients in order to safeguard their inherent dignity. This is due to the fact that there lies a critical relationship between the health and human rights. Lack of attention in the domain of human rights and impose serious health threats. This existence of inherent relationship is reflected under the concerns of Camilla who is of the opinion that the act of restrain as imposed on Sam will increase the chance of self-harm. It is the duty of the nurse to safeguard the rights of all the patients at highest achievable standards of health. However, the act of restraining is going against the human rights (Lin, Watson Tsai, 2013). Though restrain was done to prevent him from self-harming but it is going against his human ri ghts. But on the other hand, if Sam is set free, then his agitated activity will not only cause self-harm but also will harm other fellow patients who also have equal share of staying fit and well (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, 2017). Position Statement: Recommendation via Reflection The first recommendation, which I would like to suggest in this case, is through research to develop safe alternatives to restraints so that it does not harm patients dignity and act of libertarianism and autonomy. Moreover, I strongly feel that there is an immediate requirement for proper development of personalized, trauma-informed interventions. Such interventions will be extremely helpful for patients like Sam who has drug related psychosis and demands expert level care, not just restraining. Such alternative and personal level care would serve as a substitute for the current authoritarian medical practice. Another recommendation which I would like to cite is proper elaborative discussion of threats associated with the act of restraining in the scientific literature. This will help the nurses to evaluate the consequences of restraining before passing down the final orders. Here in case of Sam, the order of restraining was taken with a one sided approach that is for the betterment of other patients. The restraining order failed to consider the ethical complication that can arise on the ground of libertarianism and egalitarianism. However, I feel that the statement of Julia, patients like Sam are a waste of our time. Besides, we havent got enough staff rostered on today to be worried about him, is a breach of the duty of care. As per the ethical theory, code of professional conduct of nursing and human rights, every patient has equal rights to recover from the diseased condition. Low patient: nurse ratio can never be cited as an excuse of negligence in nursing care. However, there still lies a conflict of interest issue among Sam, other fellow patients and health care professionals (Mohr, 2010). References Beauchamp, T. L., Childress, J. F. (2012). Principles of Biomedical Ethics (7th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press Code of Ethics for Nurses in Australia. (2005) (2nd ed., pp. 1-6). Melbourne. Retrieved from https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au Code of Professional Conduct for Nurses in Australia (2017). Melbourne. Retrieved from https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au Freegard, H. (2012). Ethical practice for health professionals. (2nd ed.). Melbourne: Cengage. Available at: https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/acu/detail.action?docID=4814208 Johnstone, M. (2016). Bioethics : A Nursing Perspective. (6th Ed.). Chatswood, NSW: Elsevier. Kerridge, I., Lowe, M., Stewart, C. (2013). Ethics and Law for the Health Professions (4th ed.). Sydney: The Federation Press. Kontio, R., Vlimki, M., Putkonen, H., Kuosmanen, L., Scott, A., Joffe, G. (2010). Patient restrictions: are there ethical alternatives to seclusion and restraint?.Nursing ethics,17(1), 65-76. Lin, Y. P., Watson, R., Tsai, Y. F. (2013). Dignity in care in the clinical setting: A narrative review.Nursing Ethics,20(2), 168-177.retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0969733012458609 Mohr, W. K. (2010). Restraints and the code of ethics: An uneasy fit.Archives of psychiatric nursing,24(1), 3-14.